This episode will look at the anatomy, structure and blood supply to the breast. Once you have watched this video, why not attempt the multiple choice quiz to consolidate your knowledge?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
This episode will look at the anatomy, structure and blood supply to the breast. Once you have watched this video, why not attempt the multiple choice quiz to consolidate your knowledge?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-innovative-anatomy","entry"],"youtubeVideo":"435674174\/af46f98175","question1":"The Breast is a modified apocrine sweat gland.","answers1":"True | False","correctAnswer1":"0","correctAnswerText1":"The breast is composed of mammary glands surrounded by connective tissue stroma. Mammary glands are modified sweat glands. These consist of a series of duct and secretory lobule (15-20).","question2":"The basic functional unit of the breast is the terminal duct lobular unit.","answers2":"True | False","correctAnswer2":"0","correctAnswerText2":"Each lobe compromises of 20-40 terminal ductal lobular units (TDLU). TDLU is the functional unit of the breast.","question3":"The breast overlies the 2nd to 6th intercostal spaces between the sternum and the mid axillary line.","answers3":"True | False","correctAnswerText3":"","correctAnswer3":"0","question4":"In the undeveloped breast the nipple is located at the 4th intercostal space in the midclavicular line. Irrespective of the position of the nipple, it is a useful landmark for cutaneous sensory innervation by the 6th thoracic nerve.","answers4":"True | False","correctAnswer4":"1","correctAnswerText4":"It is a useful landmark for supply by the 4th thoracic nerve.","question5":"The breast overlies the pectoral muscles medially and serratus anterior laterally and lies predominantly within the deep fascia of the anterior chest wall.","answers5":"True | False","correctAnswer5":"1","correctAnswerText5":"It lies within the superficial fascia although the axillary tail enters a hiatus in the deep fascia of the medial axillary wall.","question6":"The axillary tail is an extension of the lower outer quadrant of the breast into the axillary region.","answers6":"True | False","correctAnswer6":"1","correctAnswerText6":"It is an extension of the upper outer quadrant. ","question7":"Regarding blood supply to the breast; which of the following statements is true?\r\n\r\nThe axillary artery gives the following branches which supply the breast:","answers7":"Internal thoracic artery, lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial artery, anterior and posterior intercostal arteries | The internal thoracic artery, lateral thoracic artery, thoracoacromial artery and superior thoracic artery | The lateral thoracic artery, thoracroacromial artery, superior thoracic artery and brachial artery | The internal thoracic artery, intercostal arteries, lateral thoracic artery and subscapular artery\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","correctAnswer7":"0","correctAnswerText7":"The arterial supply of the breast can be divided into the medial and lateral parts of the breast. The medial aspect is supplied by the internal thoracic artery, whilst the lateral part is supplied by lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial artery, anterior and posterior intercostal arteries.","question8":"Mammography is the imaging modality of choice when assessing a lump in denser breast tissue as opposed to less dense breast tissue.","answers8":"True | False","correctAnswer8":"1","correctAnswerText8":"Mammography is the imaging of choice however in younger patients (with denser breast tissue) especially in the presence of a family history; MRI should be considered. Other indications of MRI include recurrent breast cancer, lobular carcinoma, and in the presence of breast implants.","question9":"The following vessels and the muscle(s) they supply can be used to reconstruct the female breast:","answers9":"The thoraco-dorsal artery and latisimuss dorsi | The superior epigastric artery and the lower part of the rectus abdominus muscle | The thoracodorsal artery and the serratus anterior muscle | The internal thoracic artery and the pecoralis major muscle","correctAnswer9":"0","correctAnswerText9":"The lower part of the rectus abdominus muscle can be used to reconstruct the breast, but its blood supply is from the inferior epigastric artery.","question10":"In patients with breast malignancy, dimpling of the skin overlying the breast is most likely to be caused by...","answers10":"Necrotic Breast Tissue | Shortened Cooper's Ligaments | Interference with Lymphatic Drainage | Blocked Lactiferous Duct | Swollen Glandular Tissue","correctAnswer10":"1","correctAnswerText10":"Dimpling occurs due to contracture of the cooper\u2019s ligament secondary to infiltration of tumour cells.","question11":"","answers11":"","correctAnswer11":"","correctAnswerText11":"","question12":"","answers12":"","correctAnswer12":"","correctAnswerText12":"","question13":"","answers13":"","correctAnswer13":"","correctAnswerText13":"","question14":"","answers14":"","correctAnswer14":"","correctAnswerText14":"","question15":"","answers15":"","correctAnswer15":"","correctAnswerText15":"","icon":"chest","parentId":"","recapId":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/639"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=639"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/639\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":745,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/639\/revisions\/745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=639"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=639"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}