This episode will consider some of the important arteries and veins of the neck and their clinical correlations. Once you have watched this video, why not attempt the multiple choice quiz to consolidate your knowledge?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
This episode will consider some of the important arteries and veins of the neck and their clinical correlations. Once you have watched this video, why not attempt the multiple choice quiz to consolidate your knowledge?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-643","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-innovative-anatomy","entry"],"youtubeVideo":"435665863\/99c6b61a88","question1":"The left brachiocephalic vein crosses the midline to join with the right brachiocephalic vein around the region of the right sternoclavicular joint, and therefore is at risk of injury if a tracheostomy tube is inserted too inferiorly.","answers1":"True | False","correctAnswer1":"0","correctAnswerText1":"The brachiocephalic trunk, crosses from the right anterior to the trachea at the superior thoracic inlet which lies beneath the sternum and could be injured if a tracheostomy is tube is inserted too inferiorly. Other possible structures that could be injured include the recurrent laryngeal nerves and the inferior thyroid vein.","question2":"The external jugular vein drains into the internal jugular vein on both the right and the left side of the neck.","answers2":"True | False","correctAnswer2":"1","correctAnswerText2":"It usually drains directly into the subclavian vein on both sides.","question3":"The internal carotid artery can be easily palpated at the C6 vertebral level.","answers3":"True | False","correctAnswerText3":"At this level the pulse palpated will be the common carotid artery, which bifurcates a little higher at approximately the C4 vertebral level corresponding with the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid gland.","correctAnswer3":"1","question4":"Injury to a branch of the external carotid artery can lead to an extradural haematoma.","answers4":"True | False","correctAnswer4":"0","correctAnswerText4":"The middle meningeal artery can be damaged by a fracture at the pterion, resulting in an extradural haematoma. The middle meningeal artery is a branch of the maxillary artery, itself a branch of the external carotid artery.","question5":"When catheterising the internal jugular vein, a needle can be safely inserted at the apex of a triangular space created by the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, preferably with the use of ultrasound guidance.","answers5":"True | False","correctAnswer5":"0","correctAnswerText5":"There are three percutaneous approaches to the internal jugular vein, ie, anterior, central, and posterior. The essential surface anatomy is comprised of the borders of Sedillot\u2019s triangle, the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle medially, the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid laterally, and the superior border of the medial third of the clavicle inferior. Cannulation begins with cutaneous puncture at the superior apex of this triangle. The needle and syringe are angled 45\u00b0 off a coronal plane, and the needle is advanced in a sagittal plane.","question6":"Tying off a bleeding external carotid artery to arrest haemorrhage is likely to result in a contralateral hemiparesis.","answers6":"True | False","correctAnswer6":"1","correctAnswerText6":"The external carotid artery only supplies the cerebral circulation through collateral channels. Primary supply is from the internal carotid arteries.","question7":"After crossing the dome of the pleura the vertebral arteries reach the foramen magnum via the transverse foramina of the upper 6 cervical vertebrae.","answers7":"True | False","correctAnswer7":"0","correctAnswerText7":"The vertebral arteries arise from the subclavian arteries, then enter deep to the transverse process at the level of the 6th cervical vertebrae (C6), They then proceed superiorly, in the transverse foramen of each cervical vertebra.\r\n\r\nOccasionally the C7 vertebra has transverse foramina which also accommodate these vessels.","question8":"When opening the carotid sheath, the surgeon can expect to find the following structures:","answers8":"The ICA positioned medial to the IJV with the vagus nerve posterior to both of these structures | The IJV positioned medial to the ICA with the vagus nerve posterior to both of these structures | The ICA positioned medial to the IJV with the vagus nerve anterior to both of these structures | The IJV positioned medial to the ICA with the vagus nerve anterior to both of these structures","correctAnswer8":"0","correctAnswerText8":"There are 4 main structures contained within the carotid sheath the common carotid artery and the internal carotid artery medially, the internal jugular vein laterally the vagus nerve posteriorly and the deep cervical lymph nodes.","question9":"When performing thyroid surgery, an incision is made through the tissue layers from sternocleidomastoid to sternocleidomastoid and encounters which pair of vessels?","answers9":"Internal jugular veins | External jugular veins | Anterior jugular veins | Brachiocephalic veins","correctAnswer9":"2","correctAnswerText9":"The anterior jugular vein arises from the confluence of the superficial submandibular veins. Its origin is located near the hyoid bone, approximately 1 centimeter lateral to the midline of the neck. The vein takes an inferior course down the neck, passing between the midline of the neck and the anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. In the upper half of the neck.","question10":"Insertion of a catheter into the right internal jugular vein can result in which of the following complications?","answers10":"Pneumothorax, haematoma and injury to the thoracic duct | Pneumothorax, haemothorax and cardiac arrhythmia | Pneumothorax, haemothorax and injury to the thoracic duct | Pneumothorax, haemothorax and cannulation of the left common carotid artery","correctAnswer10":"1","correctAnswerText10":"The thoracic duct is a structure at the root of the neck on the left side.","question11":"","answers11":"","correctAnswer11":"","correctAnswerText11":"","question12":"","answers12":"","correctAnswer12":"","correctAnswerText12":"","question13":"","answers13":"","correctAnswer13":"","correctAnswerText13":"","question14":"","answers14":"","correctAnswer14":"","correctAnswerText14":"","question15":"","answers15":"","correctAnswer15":"","correctAnswerText15":"","icon":"head","parentId":"","recapId":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/643"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=643"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/643\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":752,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/643\/revisions\/752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=643"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=643"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=643"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}