This episode looks at the structural anatomy, chambers and valves of the heart. Once you have watched this video, why not attempt the multiple choice quiz to consolidate your knowledge?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
This episode looks at the structural anatomy, chambers and valves of the heart. Once you have watched this video, why not attempt the multiple choice quiz to consolidate your knowledge?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-innovative-anatomy","entry"],"youtubeVideo":"433658520\/ca4844d41d","question1":"The myocardium is thickest in the...","answers1":"Left atrium | Left ventricle | Right atrium | Right ventricle","correctAnswer1":"1","correctAnswerText1":"The myocardium has variable levels of thickness within the heart. Generally, the ventricles are thicker than the atria. The myocardium is thickest in the left ventricle","question2":"Which of the following statements is incorrect?","answers2":"The heart is located within the mediastinum between the lungs | The heart is enclosed in a double layered sac called the pleural membrane | Approximately two-thirds of the heart is found to the left of the midline | The heart lies obliquely within the mediastinum","correctAnswer2":"1","correctAnswerText2":"The heart lies in the middle mediastinum. It is enclosed by a double walled sac called the pericardium or the pericardial sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels.","question3":"The fossa ovalis is located in the...","answers3":"Posterior wall of right atrium | Atrium | Ventricle | Interatrial septum","correctAnswerText3":"The fossa ovalis is a depression in the right atrium of the heart at the level of the interarterial septum between the right and left ventricle.","correctAnswer3":"3","question4":"The trabeculae carnae are located in the...","answers4":"Endocardium | Pericardium | Epicardium | Ventricles","correctAnswer4":"3","correctAnswerText4":"The trabeculae carneae are round irregular muscular columns that project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle.","question5":"The function of the chordae tendinae is to...","answers5":"Open the AV valves| Pull the walls of the ventricles inwards during contraction | Prevent eversion of the AV valves during ventricular systole | Help shorten the papillary muscles during ventricular systole","correctAnswer5":"2","correctAnswerText5":"The Chordae tendineae are a group of tendinous tough strands in their heart. They are referred to as the heart strings. There main role is to hold the AV valves in place during contraction.","question6":"Which of the following statements about the foramen ovale of the heart is incorrect?","answers6":"A patent foramen ovale is a cause of ischaemic strokes in young people | It is a congenital defect causing a left to right shunt of blood across the septum | Echo bubble studies are used to investigate suspected patency | It is patent during fetal development","correctAnswer6":"1","correctAnswerText6":"It is one of two cardiac shunts it allows blood to move from the right atrium to the left atrium. In 25% the foramen doesn\u2019t completely close. A patent formen ovale can result in a paradoxical embolism (embolism moving from the venous to the arterial side), this can result in a stroke.","question7":"Which of the following is not a clinical sign of right ventricular failure?","answers7":"Raised JVP | Peripheral oedema | Ascites | Shortness of breath ","correctAnswer7":"3","correctAnswerText7":"Patient with heart failure present with ankle swelling and fatigue. Patient may report a sensation of fullness in the abdomen or neck. Patient may develop hepatic congestion resulting in abdominal and RUQ discomfort. Patient with HF have a narrowed pulse pressure to due to a reduced stroke volume due to the reduced pumping capacity of the heart.","question8":"Which of the following is not a clinical sign of left ventricular failure?","answers8":"Exertional dyspnoea | Chest pain | Fatigue | Orthopnoea","correctAnswer8":"1","correctAnswerText8":"Left ventricular failure often results in backflow into the pulmonary system resulting in pulmonary oedema. Patients typically present with respiratory symptoms i.e. exertional dyspnoea, orthopnoea, wheeze. Chest pain is not a typical symptoms of heart failure.","question9":"Which of the following is a branch of the Right Coronary Artery (RCA)?","answers9":"Left circumflex artery | Posterior descending artery | Obtuse marginal artery | Posterior ascending artery","correctAnswer9":"1","correctAnswerText9":"The right coronary artery supplies the right ventricle and ventricle, the AV and SA node. The RCA divides into smaller branches including the right posterior descending artery and the acute marginal artery","question10":"The Right Coronary Artery arises from the anterior aortic sinus.","answers10":"True | False","correctAnswer10":"0","correctAnswerText10":"The aortic sinus is one of the anatomical dilations of the ascending aorta, just above the aortic valve. There are three aortic sinuses: one anterior giving rise to the RCA, and two posterior sinuses give rise to the LCA.","question11":"","answers11":"","correctAnswer11":"","correctAnswerText11":"","question12":"","answers12":"","correctAnswer12":"","correctAnswerText12":"","question13":"","answers13":"","correctAnswer13":"","correctAnswerText13":"","question14":"","answers14":"","correctAnswer14":"","correctAnswerText14":"","question15":"","answers15":"","correctAnswer15":"","correctAnswerText15":"","icon":"chest","parentId":"","recapId":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/664"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=664"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/664\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":746,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/664\/revisions\/746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=664"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=664"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=664"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}