This episode looks at the anatomy of the respiratory system. Once you have watched this video, why not attempt the multiple choice quiz to consolidate your knowledge?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
This episode looks at the anatomy of the respiratory system. Once you have watched this video, why not attempt the multiple choice quiz to consolidate your knowledge?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-innovative-anatomy","entry"],"youtubeVideo":"433653738\/2cc94e8266","question1":"Identify the structure which does not form part of the upper airways.","answers1":"Nose | Pharynx | Trachea | Bronchi","correctAnswer1":"3","correctAnswerText1":"The upper airways consist of the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, and trachea.","question2":"Which structure is responsible for creating turbulence to help warm and moisten inhaled air?","answers2":"Epiglottis | Teeth | Concha | Oropharynx","correctAnswer2":"2","correctAnswerText2":"The conchi are bony protuberant structures in the nose which help to cause turbulent flow and aid the warming and moistening of inhaled air.","question3":"Which of these mechanisms does not aim to prevent foreign matter entering the airway?","answers3":"Filtering of air by nasal hairs | Mucus production in the respiratory tract | Movement of the epiglottis on swallowing | Apposition of the vocal cords during phonation","correctAnswerText3":"Phonation is the production of sound. All others are protective mechanisms.","correctAnswer3":"3","question4":"Which laryngeal muscle is unlikely to be affected by a nerve compression from thoracic aortic aneurysm?","answers4":"Cricothyroid | Thyrohyoid | Posterior cricoarytenoid | Transverse arytenoid","correctAnswer4":"0","correctAnswerText4":"The cricothyroid muscle is innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve. All other muscles are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which can become damaged during thyroid surgery.","question5":"If material is aspirated into the lungs, the most common area to develop a pneumonia is...","answers5":"Right middle lobe | Left upper lobe | Left lower lobe | Right lower lobe","correctAnswer5":"3","correctAnswerText5":"Patients tend to aspirate foreign matter into the right lower lobe as the bronchus is wider and more vertical than the others.","question6":"Which is the most sensitive part of the airways to generate a cough reflex?","answers6":"T4 | C2 | T8 | C7","correctAnswer6":"0","correctAnswerText6":"The carina of the trachea is located at approximately T4, at the level of the sternal angle. The carina should have an angle of <90\u00b0. \"Splaying\" of the carina observed on a chest x-ray is a significant sign that can indicate pathology, such as metastatic lymph nodes or left atrial enlargement.","question7":"Air entering the pleural space disrupts the negative pressure system and causes a...","answers7":"Pneumonia | Pleural effusion | Pulmonary oedema | Pneumothorax","correctAnswer7":"3","correctAnswerText7":"Pneumothoraces can be traumatic (as a result of an injury, or healthcare intervention) or spontaneous, and are classified as primary or secondary depending on whether there is any associated disease process. Depending on the type and severity, pneumothoraces can be managed conservatively, with aspiration, chest drain insertion or surgically.","question8":"","answers8":"Larynx | Carina of the trachea | Alveolus | Main bronchi","correctAnswer8":"1","correctAnswerText8":"Foreign bodies entering the upper airways generate a cough reflex, most pronounced at the carina. Once they have passed the carina into the lower airways then coughing stops.","question9":"Emphysematous change of the lung can cause the delicate walls of the alveoli to break down and form larger, dysfunctional air sacs known as...","answers9":"Bronchiectasis | Bullae | Granulomas | Empyemas","correctAnswer9":"1","correctAnswerText9":"Bullae are a feature of advanced emphysema, usually arising as a complication of smoking. They increase the area of dead space within the lung and also cause the lung to lose some of its elasticity, leading to a \u201cbarrel chested\u201d hyperinflated appearance of the lung.","question10":"The \u201cAdam\u2019s apple\u201d is the anterior prominence of which cartilage?","answers10":"Arytenoid | Corniculate | Epiglottis | Thyroid","correctAnswer10":"3","correctAnswerText10":"The vocal ligaments are attached anteriorly to the thyroid cartilage. During adolescence, the thyroid cartilage enlarges, more markedly so in males in response to androgen exposure. This leads to deepening of the voice due to lengthening of the vocal cords.","question11":"","answers11":"","correctAnswer11":"","correctAnswerText11":"","question12":"","answers12":"","correctAnswer12":"","correctAnswerText12":"","question13":"","answers13":"","correctAnswer13":"","correctAnswerText13":"","question14":"","answers14":"","correctAnswer14":"","correctAnswerText14":"","question15":"","answers15":"","correctAnswer15":"","correctAnswerText15":"","icon":"chest","parentId":"","recapId":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/672"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=672"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/672\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":673,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/672\/revisions\/673"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=672"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=672"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=672"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}