This episode looks at the vascular supply of the lower limbs and considers this anatomical area in the context of clinical disorders. You may want to view the aorta episode prior to watching this one. Once you have watched this video, why not attempt the multiple choice quiz to consolidate your knowledge?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
This episode looks at the vascular supply of the lower limbs and considers this anatomical area in the context of clinical disorders. You may want to view the aorta episode prior to watching this one. Once you have watched this video, why not attempt the multiple choice quiz to consolidate your knowledge?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-674","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-innovative-anatomy","entry"],"youtubeVideo":"433667858\/9783ac64fd","question1":"When does the external iliac artery become the common femoral artery?","answers1":"Just before the inferior epigastric artery branch | As it exits the femoral sheath | As it passes under the femoral vein | As is passes under the inguinal ligament","correctAnswer1":"3","correctAnswerText1":"The external iliac artery becomes the common femoral artery as it passes under the inguinal ligament. This is just after the inferior epigastric artery branches off. It passes through the femoral triangle within the femoral sheath along with the femoral vein which does not typically cross the common femoral artery.","question2":"How many superficial branches originate from the common femoral artery?","answers2":"One | Two | Three | Four","correctAnswer2":"3","correctAnswerText2":"The femoral artery gives off superficial and deep branches. There are 4 superficial branches: the superior epigastric, superior circumflex iliac arteries the external pudendal artery and the inguinal branches ","question3":"Which two arteries does the common femoral artery bifurcate into?","answers3":"Lateral circumflex and profunda femoris arteries | Profunda femoris and medial circumflex arteries | Profunda femoris and superficial femoral arteries | Superficial femoral and medial circumflex arteries","correctAnswerText3":"The common femoral artery bifurcates into the profunda femoris (or deep artery of the thigh) and the superficial femoral artery \u2013 the profunda femoris then gives off branches including the medial and lateral circumflex arteries.","correctAnswer3":"2","question4":"In what clinical condition is there risk of injury of branches of medial and lateral circumflex arteries?","answers4":"Aneurysms of the popliteal artery | Fractured neck of femur | Fractured tibia | Laceration to the mid-thigh","correctAnswer4":"1","correctAnswerText4":"Branches of the medial and lateral circumflex arteries pierce the joint capsule of the hip to supply blood to the head of the femur. In displaced neck of femur fractures the joint capsule can be disrupted, damaging these vessels. This injury can potentially lead to avascular necrosis of the femoral head. If a displaced fracture occurs, orthopaedic surgeons will often perform a hemiarthroplasty to avoid this complication. All the other conditions listed, occur more distal to these vessels in the limb.","question5":"The adductor hiatus lies in the tendon of which muscle?","answers5":"Adductor Brevis | Adductor Longus | Adductor Magnus | Pectineus","correctAnswer5":"2","correctAnswerText5":"The adductor hiatus is a defect in the tendon of adductor magnus as it inserts into the distal femur. It is where the superficial femoral artery leaves the thigh and enters the popliteal fossa. All the rest of the muscles are adductors of the hip that insert into the proximal femur.","question6":"What does MRA stand for?","answers6":"Magnesium Radio-isotope Arteriogram | Magnetic Resonance Angiogram | Mapped Reconstruction of Arteriopathy | Metallic Reinforced Angioplasty","correctAnswer6":"1","correctAnswerText6":"MRA stands for Magnetic Resonance angiogram. This is the gold standard investigation for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs.","question7":"Where does the popliteal artery exit the popliteal fossa?","answers7":"The adductor hiatus | Between the two head of gastrocnemius | Deep to soleus muscle | As it passes through the interosseous membrane","correctAnswer7":"1","correctAnswerText7":"The popliteal artery leaves the popliteal fossa between the two heads of gastrocnemius after entering it through the adductor hiatus. The anterior tibial artery passes through the interosseous membrane into the anterior compartment of the leg, deep to the soleus muscle.","question8":"What is the first major arterial branch from the popliteal artery after exiting the popliteal fossa?","answers8":"Anterior Tibial artery | Fibular artery | Peroneal artery | Posterior Tibial artery","correctAnswer8":"0","correctAnswerText8":"The anterior tibial artery is the first major branch after the popliteal artery exits the popliteal fossa. The posterior tibial and peroneal artery then originate from a bifurcation in the posterior trunk. The fibular artery is another name for the peroneal artery.","question9":"Where can the posterior tibial artery be palpated during clinical examination?","answers9":"Just medial to tendon of extensor hallucis longus | Just lateral to the tender of extensor hallucis longus | \r\nAnterior to the medial malleolus | Posterior to the medial malleolus","correctAnswer9":"3","correctAnswerText9":"The pulse of the posterior tibial artery can be palpated just posterior to the medial malleolus. The dorsalis pedis pulse is palpated just lateral to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus.","question10":"Which of the following is not an artery in the foot?","answers10":"Arcuate artery | Dorsalis pedis | Genicular arteries | Lateral tarsal artery","correctAnswer10":"2","correctAnswerText10":"The genicular arteries branch from the popliteal artery to supply the knee. The dorsalis pedis, lateral tarsal and arcuate artery are all dorsal vessels in the foot.","question11":"","answers11":"","correctAnswer11":"","correctAnswerText11":"","question12":"","answers12":"","correctAnswer12":"","correctAnswerText12":"","question13":"","answers13":"","correctAnswer13":"","correctAnswerText13":"","question14":"","answers14":"","correctAnswer14":"","correctAnswerText14":"","question15":"","answers15":"","correctAnswer15":"","correctAnswerText15":"","icon":"legs","parentId":"","recapId":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/674"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=674"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/674\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":678,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/674\/revisions\/678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=674"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=674"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=674"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}