This episode provides a detailed step-by-step guide to performing an examination of the cranial nerves. Once you have watched this video, why not attempt the multiple choice quiz to consolidate your knowledge?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
This episode provides a detailed step-by-step guide to performing an examination of the cranial nerves. Once you have watched this video, why not attempt the multiple choice quiz to consolidate your knowledge?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-775","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ceip","entry"],"youtubeVideo":"435749491\/8a0bc7655c","question1":"The trochlear nerve (IV) supplies which extraocular muscle?","answers1":"Lateral rectus | Medial rectus | Inferior oblique | Superior oblique","correctAnswer1":"3","correctAnswerText1":"","question2":"A patient is found to have left sided tongue wasting and fasciculations. On protruding the tongue it deviates to the patient\u2019s left hand side. Which of the following statements about the possible lesion are false?","answers2":"The lesion is on the left side (ipsilateral) | The cranial nerve affected is the hypoglossal nerve (XII) | The lesion is unilateral | It is an upper motor neurone lesion","correctAnswer2":"3","correctAnswerText2":"Wasting and fasciculations are features of a lower motor neurone lesion \u2013 as are hypotonia and reduced reflexes. Features of an upper motor neurone lesion include: increased tone and clonus plus brisk reflexes.","question3":"The inability to articulate speech is called:","answers3":"Dysphasia | Dysphonia | Dysarthria | Aphasia","correctAnswerText3":"Dysphasia describes a disorder of the language area in the dominant hemisphere and is either receptive or expressive. Dysphonia describes problems in producing voice sounds. Aphasia is the absence of speech.","correctAnswer3":"2","question4":"A patient is being assessed in A&E after a fall from a platform which has resulted in a head injury. On examination, he opens his eyes to speech, says occasional irrelevant words but does not answer questions appropriately and pulls away from painful stimuli. What is his Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score?","answers4":"8 | 10 | 12 | 14","correctAnswer4":"1","correctAnswerText4":"Motor - pulls away from painful stimuli = 4 (out of 6) Speech - occasional irrelevant words = 3 (out of 5) Eyes - opens eyes to speech = 3 (out of 4)","question5":"A patient presents with facial weakness. On examination, you note asymmetry of the face. They are able to raise their eyebrows and close their eyes against resistance. There is a loss of the nasolabial fold on one side and an asymmetry when they smile and show their teeth. What is the weakness due to?","answers5":"An upper motor neurone lesion | A lower motor neurone lesion","correctAnswer5":"0","correctAnswerText5":"This is due to an upper motor neurone lesion because there is sparing of the upper face (the patient can raise both eyebrows and close their eyes against resistance). This is because of bilateral cortical innervation of the upper facial muscles.","question6":"The facial nerve (VII) supplies taste to:","answers6":"The anterior third of the tongue | The anterior two-thirds of the tongue | The posterior third of the tongue | The whole tongue","correctAnswer6":"1","correctAnswerText6":"The posterior third of the tongue is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX).","question7":"The abducens nerve (VI) supplies which extraocular muscle?","answers7":"Lateral rectus | Medial rectus | Inferior oblique | Superior oblique","correctAnswer7":"0","correctAnswerText7":"The oculomotor nerve (III) supplies the medial rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus, superior rectus as well as levator palpebrae superioris.","question8":"Which statement is incorrect regarding an oculomotor nerve (III) palsy?","answers8":"There is a fixed constricted pupil | The pupil looks down and out | There is a ptosis | Trauma can result in an oculomotor nerve palsy","correctAnswer8":"0","correctAnswerText8":"The pupil is fixed and dilated in an oculomotor nerve palsy as well as the other listed features.","question9":"A bitemporal hemianopia is a result of a lesion at:","answers9":"The occipital cortex | The optic chiasm | The optic radiation | The optic nerve","correctAnswer9":"1","correctAnswerText9":"","question10":"In Weber\u2019s test, if the patient can hear the tuning fork better in their left ear, this in interpreted as either a conductive loss in the left ear or a sensorineural loss in the right. True or false?","answers10":"True | False","correctAnswer10":"0","correctAnswerText10":"","question11":"A vagus nerve palsy (X) will cause the uvula to be drawn down toward the normal side. True or false?","answers11":"True | False","correctAnswer11":"0","correctAnswerText11":"","question12":"The swinging light test is performed to identify efferent pupillary defects. True or false?","answers12":"True | False","correctAnswer12":"0","correctAnswerText12":"","question13":"The gag reflex consists of the vagus nerve (X) as the afferent limb (sensory) and the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) as the efferent (motor) limb. True or false?","answers13":"True | False","correctAnswer13":"1","correctAnswerText13":"","question14":"The spinal accessory nerve (XI) innovates trapezius and scalene muscles. True or false?","answers14":"True | False","correctAnswer14":"1","correctAnswerText14":"","question15":"In Rinne\u2019s test, the examiner is expecting the patient to report bone conduction to be better than air conduction in the absence of pathology. True or False?","answers15":"True | False","correctAnswer15":"1","correctAnswerText15":"","icon":"head","parentId":"","recapId":"","question16":"The pupillary light reflex consists of the optic nerve (II) as the afferent limb (sensory) and the oculomotor nerve (III) as the efferent (motor) limb. True or false?","answers16":"True | False","correctAnswer16":"0","correctAnswerText16":"","question17":"An abducens (VI) nerve palsy can be described as a \u201cfalse localising sign\u201d. True or false?","answers17":"True | False","correctAnswer17":"0","correctAnswerText17":"","question18":"The corneal reflex consists of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1) as the afferent limb (sensory) and the oculomotor nerve (III) as the efferent limb (motor). True or false?","answers18":"True | False","correctAnswer18":"1","correctAnswerText18":"","question19":"Dix-Hallpike test is performed to identify benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). True or false?","answers19":"True | False","correctAnswer19":"0","correctAnswerText19":"","question20":"A left homonymous hemianopia is a result of a lesion at:","answers20":"The optic chiasm | The left optic tract | The right optic tract | The left optic nerve","correctAnswer20":"2","correctAnswerText20":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/775"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=775"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/775\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":777,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/775\/revisions\/777"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=775"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=775"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=775"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}