This episode provides a detailed step-by-step guide to performing a physical examination of the breast. Once you have watched this video, why not attempt the multiple choice quiz to consolidate your knowledge?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
This episode provides a detailed step-by-step guide to performing a physical examination of the breast. Once you have watched this video, why not attempt the multiple choice quiz to consolidate your knowledge?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ceip","entry"],"youtubeVideo":"435761854\/2be0ec1d01","question1":"A painful lump is not a common presenting feature of breast cancer.","answers1":"True | False","correctAnswer1":"0","correctAnswerText1":"Common presentations include a painless lump, skin or nipple changes, nipple discharge or an incidental finding on mammography screening. A painful lump is more likely to be fibroadenosis, a cyst or an infective process such as mastitis or an abscess.","question2":"You are only required to offer a chaperone if the patient is of a different gender to yourself.","answers2":"True | False","correctAnswer2":"1","correctAnswerText2":"Good practice mandates that a chaperone should be offered for breast examination whatever the gender of the patient or clinician. The patient\u2019s response and your actions must be clearly documented.\r\n","question3":"Which of the following drugs is not known to cause gynaecomastia (enlargement of the male breast)?","answers3":"Alendronic acid | Cimetidine | Digoxin | Spironolactone","correctAnswerText3":"Cimetidine, digoxin and spironolactone can all cause gynaecomastia, as can antipsychotics, amiodarone and gonadotrophins. Non-drug causes include adolescence, obesity, liver disease, Klinefelter\u2019s syndrome and testicular pathology. ","correctAnswer3":"0","question4":"When palpating breast tissue, you should use the flat palmar surface of your fingers, not your fingertips.","answers4":"True | False","correctAnswer4":"0","correctAnswerText4":"Examining with the fingertips is more likely to be painful for the patient, and you are more likely to mistake normal breast tissue nodularity for pathology.","question5":"A 55 year old lady presents with several months history of redness and crusting around her left nipple. It is not itchy or painful. There is otherwise no abnormality to be found on examination. The most likely diagnosis is...","answers5":"Eczema | Paget\u2019s disease | Fungal skin infection | Mastitis","correctAnswer5":"1","correctAnswerText5":"The main differentials here are eczema or Paget\u2019s disease (carcinoma cells in the skin of the nipple, migrating from a deeper breast cancer). Paget\u2019s disease is more likely to be unilateral, and often occurs at menopause with relatively few symptoms. Eczema is usually bilateral, itchy and found in younger women, particularly during breastfeeding.","question6":"Triple assessment at a breast clinic refers to the three components of clinical examination, mammography and ultrasound.","answers6":"True | False","correctAnswer6":"1","correctAnswerText6":"Triple assessment refers to (1) history and examination (2) diagnostic imaging by mammography\/ultrasound and (3) cytology\/histology i.e. FNA aspiration and core biopsy.","question7":"Which of the following factors does not significantly increase the risk of breast cancer?","answers7":"Age greater than 50 | Nulliparity (no history of pregnancy) | A history of breast cancer in one sister and a mother | Smoking","correctAnswer7":"3","correctAnswerText7":"Increasing age, nulliparity, and a family history in a first degree relative are all risk factors for breast cancer. The BRCA gene confers a high risk of breast cancer (80-85% lifetime risk for BRCA1) but is not a common mutation in the population.","question8":"Mammography is generally avoided in women younger than 35 years.","answers8":"True | False","correctAnswer8":"0","correctAnswerText8":"Younger women tend to have denser breast tissue, which limits the ability of mammography to pick up abnormalities. The national breast cancer screening programme invites women to have a mammogram every three years between 50-70 years.","question9":"Which of the following statements is false? Breast cancer most commonly metastasises to the...","answers9":"Adrenal glands | Liver | Brain | Bones","correctAnswer9":"0","correctAnswerText9":"Breast cancer does not commonly metastasise to the adrenal glands. Common sites of metastasis include lungs, liver, brain and bone.","question10":"The axillary tail consists of breast tissue which extends from the upper outer quadrant of the breast towards the axilla.","answers10":"True | False","correctAnswer10":"0","correctAnswerText10":"Remember that a small proportion of breast cancers occur in the axillary tail, and so palpation must not be omitted.","question11":"","answers11":"","correctAnswer11":"","correctAnswerText11":"","question12":"","answers12":"","correctAnswer12":"","correctAnswerText12":"","question13":"","answers13":"","correctAnswer13":"","correctAnswerText13":"","question14":"","answers14":"","correctAnswer14":"","correctAnswerText14":"","question15":"","answers15":"","correctAnswer15":"","correctAnswerText15":"","icon":"mid","parentId":"","recapId":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/796"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=796"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":798,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/796\/revisions\/798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vapp.rguc.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}